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61.
62.
提出利用阴极氧还原和阳极微生物产电作用的产电生物可渗透反应栅(CORE-PRB)方法用于被有机物污染的地下水的修复,并以不锈钢毛为电极建立模拟反应装置验证了CORE-PRB的技术概念。实验中考察了分别以蔗糖+醋酸盐和不同浓度的污泥消化液为进水时的反应电流,并研究电极距离对反应电流的影响。由于氧还原阴极阳极反应能力的限制,随着与阴极室距离加大,模拟反应装置各阳极室的电流迅速减小。有机基质的可生化性对模拟反应器的总电流也有显著影响。 相似文献
63.
64.
The structure and properties of chicken feather barbs makes them unique fibers preferable for several applications. The presence
of hollow honeycomb structures, their low density, high flexibility and possible structural interaction with other fibers
when made into products such as textiles provides them unique properties unlike any other natural or synthetic fibers. No
literature is available on the physical structure and tensile properties of chicken feather barbs. In this study, we report
the physical and morphological structure and the properties of chicken feather barbs for potential use as natural protein
fibers. The morphological structure of chicken feather barbs is similar to that of the rachis but the physical structure of
the protein crystals in chicken feather barbs is different than that reported for feather rachis keratin. The tensile properties
of barbs in terms of their strength and modulus are similar but the elongation is lower than that of wool. Using the cheap
and abundant feathers as protein fibers will conserve the energy, benefit the environment and also make the fiber industry
more sustainable 相似文献
65.
TiO2纤维光催化降解X-3B影响因素研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
采用溶胶-凝胶法及水蒸汽活化热处理工艺制备了15%(质量分数)SiO2掺杂的TiO2纤维,并利用SEM、XRD和HRTEM对其结构进行了表征.同时,以活性艳红X-3B染料水溶液为降解对象,研究了热处理温度、溶液pH值、紫外光源、溶液浓度等因素对TiO2纤维光催化活性的影响.结果表明,所制得的TiO2纤维为锐钛矿相,直径约为5~10μm;其最佳热处理温度为700℃,且在强酸(pH=2)或强碱(pH=14)条件下均表现出良好的光催化活性,并对不同浓度的X-3B溶液都有良好的降解效果,同时TiO2纤维也具有良好的可重复使用性. 相似文献
66.
Kousaku Ohkawa Masanori Yamada Ayako Nishida Norio Nishi Hiroyuki Yamamoto 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2000,8(2):59-66
The degradation of two kinds of polyion complex (PIC) fibers, chitosan-gellan (CGF), and poly(L-lysine)-gellan (LGF) fibers, by seven species of soil filamentous fungi has been investigated. All of the pure-line soil filamentous fungi, Aspergillus oryzae, Penicillium caseicolum, P. citrinum, Mucor sp., Rhizopus sp., Curvularia sp., and Cladosporium sp. grew on the two fiber materials. Microscopic observation of the biodegradation processes revealed that P. caseicolum on the CGF and LGF grew, along with the accompanying collapse of the fiber matrices. In the biochemical oxygen-demand (BOD) test, the biodegradation of the LGF by P. caseicolum and Curvularia sp. exceeded 97% carbon dioxide generation and the biodegradation of the CGF by A. oryzae was 59%. These results might offer some clues to the applications of the PIC fibers as environmentally biodegradable materials. 相似文献
67.
Reactively Compatibilized Cellulosic Polylactide Microcomposites 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Birgit Braun John R. Dorgan Daniel M. Knauss 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2006,14(1):49-58
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) possesses a suite of favorable material properties that are enabling its penetration into diverse
markets (e.g., as packaging material or textile fibers). In order to increase the range of applications for this material,
it is necessary to modify its properties and for certain applications, reduce its cost. The introduction of fibers into a
polymeric matrix is an established route towards property enhancement provided good dispersion and intimate interfacial adhesion
can be achieved. In addition, cellulosic microfibers are obtainable at low to moderate cost. In this study, reactive compatibilization
of cellulosic fibers with PLA is pursued. Hydroxyl groups available on the surface of cellulosic fibers are used to initiate
lactide polymerization. Various processing strategies are investigated: (1) blending preformed PLA with the fiber material,
(2) through a one-step process in which lactide is polymerized in the presence of the fibers alone, or (3) reactive compatibilization
in the presence of preformed high molecular weight polymer. The results show that materials prepared by simultaneous introduction
of lactide and preformed high molecular PLA at the beginning of the reaction possess superior mechanical properties compared
to composites made by either purely mechanical mixing or solely polymerization of lactide in the presence of fibers. The modulus
of materials containing 25% fibers which are prepared by reactive compatibilization of 30% preformed PLA and 70% lactide (30/70
P/L) improves by 53% compared to the homopolymer, whereas 36% reinforcement can be achieved upon purely mechanical mixing.
A further increase to 35% fiber loading leads to a reduction in modulus due to an excess in initiating groups. The same trend
was observed in systems containing 65% preformed PLA and 35% lactide (65/35 P/L) with an overall achievable reinforcement
that was slightly lower. 相似文献
68.
Jonn A. Foulk Wayne Y. Chao Danny E. Akin Roy B. Dodd Patricia A. Layton 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2006,14(1):15-25
Manufacturing composites with polymers and natural fibers has traditionally been performed using chopped fibers or a non-woven mat for reinforcement. Fibers from flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) are stiff and strong and can be processed into a yarn and then manufactured into a fabric for composite formation. Fabric directly impacts the composite because it contains various fiber types via fiber or yarn blending, fiber length is often longer due to requirements in yarn formation, and it controls the fiber alignment via weaving. Composites created with cotton and flax-containing commercial fabrics and recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) were evaluated for physical and mechanical properties. Flax fiber/recycled HDPE composites were easily prepared through compression molding using a textile preform. This method takes advantage of maintaining cotton and flax fiber lengths that are formed into a yarn (a continuous package of short fibers) and oriented in a bidirectional woven fabric. Fabrics were treated with maleic anhydride, silane, enzyme, or adding maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAA-PE; MDEX 102-1, Exxelor® VA 1840) to promote interactions between polymer and fibers. Straight and strong flax fibers present problems because they are not bound as tightly within yarns producing weaker and less elastic yarns that contain larger diameter variations. As the blend percentage and mass of flax fibers increases the fabric strength, and elongation generally decrease in value. Compared to recycled HDPE, mechanical properties of composite materials (containing biodegradable and renewable resources) demonstrated significant increases in tensile strength (1.4–3.2 times stronger) and modulus of elasticity (1.4–2.3 times larger). Additional research is needed to improve composite binding characteristics by allowing the stronger flax fibers in fabric to carry the composites load. 相似文献
69.
不同交联度PP-g-4VP离子交换纤维的制备及对水溶液中铬离子吸附的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过控制交联剂(DVB)及单体(4-VP)浓度等工艺,研制了不同交联度的聚丙烯接枝4乙烯基吡啶离子交换纤维(PP-g-4VP),旨在改善纤维的结构及其再生吸附和重复使用性能。实验结果表明,随着DVB含量增大,纤维的接枝率下降,交联度增加,而吸水率下降。所制的PP-g-4VP和PP-g-4VP-季铵盐纤维对Cr~(6+)静态吸附量大,分别达约6.5mmol/g和4mmol/g。交联度低时,纤维对Cr~(6+)吸附速度越快,穿透点前流出液浓度较低。纤维吸附Cr~(6+)后用1N NH_3·H_2O能完全洗脱,再生吸附性能良好。 相似文献
70.
Lignin-based Carbon Fibers: Effect of Synthetic Polymer Blending on Fiber Properties 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Carbon fibers have been produced from hardwood lignin/synthetic polymer blend fibers. Hardwood kraft lignin was thermally blended with two recyclable polymers, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polypropylene (PP). Both systems were easily spun into fibers. A thermostabilization step was utilized prior to carbonization to prevent fusion of individual fibers. For the lignin-based carbon fibers, careful control of heating rate was required. However, PET–lignin blend fibers can be thermostabilized under higher heating rates than the corresponding homofibers. Carbon fiber yield decreased with increasing incorporation of synthetic plastic. However, carbon fiber yield obtained for a 25% plastic blend fiber was still higher than that generally reported for petroleum pitch. Blend composition also affected surface morphology of the carbon fibers. Immiscible lignin–PP fibers resulted in a hollow and/or porous carbon fiber; whereas carbon fiber produced from miscible lignin–PET fibers have a smooth surface. Synthetic polymer blending also affected the mechanical properties of the fibers, especially MOE; lignin-based carbon fiber properties improved upon blending with PET. 相似文献